Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling inhibits DAF-16 DNA binding and function via 14-3-3-dependent and 14-3-3-independent pathways.
In Caenorhabditis elegans, an insulin-like signaling pathway to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and AKT negatively regulates the activity of DAF-16, a Forkhead transcription factor. We show that in mammalian cells, C. elegans DAF-16 is a direct target of AKT and that AKT phosphorylation generates 14-3-3 binding sites and regulates the ... nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution of DAF-16 as previously shown for its mammalian homologs FKHR and FKHRL1. In vitro, interaction of AKT- phosphorylated DAF-16 with 14-3-3 prevents DAF-16 binding to its target site in the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 gene, the insulin response element. In HepG2 cells, insulin signaling to PI 3-kinase/AKT inhibits the ability of a GAL4 DNA binding domain/DAF-16 fusion protein to activate transcription via the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1-insulin response element, but not the GAL4 DNA binding site, which suggests that insulin inhibits the interaction of DAF-16 with its cognate DNA site. Elimination of the DAF-16/1433 association by mutation of the AKT/14-3-3 sites in DAF-16, prevents 14-3-3 inhibition of DAF-16 DNA binding and insulin inhibition of DAF-16 function. Similarly, inhibition of the DAF-16/14-3-3 association by exposure of cells to the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, enhances DAF-16 DNA binding and transcription activity. Surprisingly constitutively nuclear DAF-16 mutants that lack AKT/14-3-3 binding sites also show enhanced DNA binding and transcription activity in response to LY294002, pointing to a 14-3-3-independent mode of regulation. Thus, our results demonstrate at least two mechanisms, one 14-3-3-dependent and the other 14-3-3-independent, whereby PI 3-kinase signaling regulates DAF-16 DNA binding and transcription function.
Mesh Terms:
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, 14-3-3 Proteins, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Consensus Sequence, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mammals, Models, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Phosphorylation, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, 14-3-3 Proteins, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Consensus Sequence, DNA, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mammals, Models, Biological, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Phosphorylation, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
J. Biol. Chem.
Date: Apr. 20, 2001
PubMed ID: 11124266
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