Deficiency of T2K leads to apoptotic liver degeneration and impaired NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription.
Induction of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription requires phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of I-kappaB, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, followed by nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) plays a role in NF-kappaB activation in response to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). In this ... study, we purified and characterized a novel kinase (T2K, also known as TBK1 or NAK), which associates with TRAF2 and exhibits kinase activity towards I-kappaBalpha in vitro. The physiological function of T2K was investigated using T2K-deficient mice. Heterozygotes appear normal, but t2k(-/-) animals die at approximately E14.5 of massive liver degeneration and apoptosis. Never theless, hematopoietic progenitors from T2K-deficient fetal liver support normal lymphocyte development. Furthermore, t2k(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes do not display increased sensitivity to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis. In response to either TNFalpha or IL-1 induction, t2k(-/-) embryonic fibroblasts exhibit normal degradation of I-kappaB and kappaB-binding activity. However, NF-kappaB-directed transcription is dramatically reduced. These results demonstrate that, like I-kappaB kinase beta and the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB, T2K is critical in protecting embryonic liver from apoptosis. However, T2K has a unique role in the activation of NF-kappaB-directed transcription, apparently independent of I-kappaB degradation and NF-kappaB DNA binding.
Mesh Terms:
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Apoptosis, Blotting, Southern, Cycloheximide, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fibroblasts, Flow Cytometry, Gene Targeting, Genes, Reporter, Genotype, Heterozygote, I-kappa B Kinase, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Interleukin-1, Ligases, Liver, Lymphocytes, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, NF-kappa B, Phosphorylation, Precipitin Tests, Protein Binding, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2, Thymus Gland, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Apoptosis, Blotting, Southern, Cycloheximide, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fibroblasts, Flow Cytometry, Gene Targeting, Genes, Reporter, Genotype, Heterozygote, I-kappa B Kinase, In Situ Nick-End Labeling, Interleukin-1, Ligases, Liver, Lymphocytes, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, NF-kappa B, Phosphorylation, Precipitin Tests, Protein Binding, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2, Thymus Gland, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
EMBO J.
Date: Sep. 15, 2000
PubMed ID: 10990461
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