Dihydro-CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide (dh404), a novel Nrf2 activator, suppresses oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.
Targeting Nrf2 signaling appears to be an attractive approach for the treatment of maladaptive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction; however, pharmacological modulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the cardiovascular system remains to be established. Herein, we report that a novel synthetic triterpenoid derivative, dihydro-CDDO-trifluoroethyl amide (dh404), activates Nrf2 and suppresses oxidative ... stress in cardiomyocytes. Dh404 interrupted the Keap1-Cul3-Rbx1 E3 ligase complex-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation saturating the binding capacity of Keap1 to Nrf2, thereby rendering more Nrf2 to be translocated into the nuclei to activate Nrf2-driven gene transcription. A mutant Keap1 protein containing a single cysteine-to-serine substitution at residue 151 within the BTB domain of Keap1 was resistant to dh404-induced stabilization of Nrf2 protein. In addition, dh404 did not dissociate the interaction of Nrf2 with the Keap1-Cul3-Rbx1 E3 ligase complex. Thus, it is likely that dh404 inhibits the ability of Keap1-Cul3-Rbx1 E3 ligase complex to target Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation via modifying Cys-151 of Keap1 to change the conformation of the complex. Moreover, dh404 was able to stabilize Nrf2 protein, to enhance Nrf2 nuclear translocation, to activate Nrf2-driven transcription, and to suppress angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of Nrf2 almost blocked the anti-oxidative effect of dh404. Dh404 activated Nrf2 signaling in the heart. Taken together, dh404 appears to be a novel Nrf2 activator with a therapeutic potential for cardiac diseases via suppressing oxidative stress.
Mesh Terms:
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Cullin Proteins, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Hypertrophy, Mice, Myocardium, Myocytes, Cardiac, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Oleanolic Acid, Oxidative Stress, Protein Stability, Protein Transport, Rats, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription, Genetic, Ubiquitination
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Cullin Proteins, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Humans, Hypertrophy, Mice, Myocardium, Myocytes, Cardiac, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Oleanolic Acid, Oxidative Stress, Protein Stability, Protein Transport, Rats, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription, Genetic, Ubiquitination
PLoS ONE
Date: Dec. 23, 2009
PubMed ID: 20027226
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