Autoinhibition of the ligand-binding site of GGA1/3 VHS domains by an internal acidic cluster-dileucine motif.

The GGAs (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, ARF-binding proteins) are a family of proteins implicated in protein trafficking from the Golgi to endosomes/lysosomes. These proteins have modular structures with an N-terminal VHS (VPS-27, Hrs, and STAM) domain followed by a GAT (GGA and TOM1) domain, a connecting hinge segment, and ...
a C-terminal GAE (gamma-adaptin ear) domain. Isolated VHS domains have been shown to bind specifically to acidic cluster (AC)-dileucine motifs present in the cytoplasmic tails of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors. Here we report that full-length cytoplasmic GGA1 and GGA3 but not GGA2 bind the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor very poorly because of autoinhibition. This inhibition is caused by the binding of an AC-LL sequence present in the hinge segment to the ligand-binding site in the VHS domain. The inhibition depends on the phosphorylation of a serine located three residues upstream of the AC-LL motif. The serine is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 in in vitro assays. Substitution of the GGA1 inhibitory sequence into the analogous location in GGA2, which lacks the AC-LL motif, results in autoinhibition of the latter protein. These data indicate that the activity of GGA1 and GGA3 is regulated by cycles of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
Mesh Terms:
ADP-Ribosylation Factors, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, COS Cells, Carrier Proteins, Cattle, Cell Line, Cercopithecus aethiops, Dipeptides, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Kinetics, Ligands, Membrane Proteins, Phosphorylation, Protein Isoforms, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Transfection
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
Date: Jun. 11, 2002
Download Curated Data For This Publication
137974
Switch View:
  • Interactions 4