PGAM5 tethers a ternary complex containing Keap1 and Nrf2 to mitochondria.
Eukaryote cells balance production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with levels of anti-oxidant enzyme activity to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are a major source of ROS, while many anti-oxidant genes are regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor. Keap1, a redox-regulated substrate adaptor for a cullin-based ubiquitin ligase, targets Nrf2 ... for proteosome-mediated degradation and represses Nrf2-dependent gene expression. We have previously identified a member of the phosphoglycerate mutase family, PGAM5, as a Keap1-binding protein. In this report, we demonstrate that PGAM5 is targeted to the outer membrane of mitochondria by an N-terminal mitochondrial-localization sequence. Furthermore, we provide evidence that PGAM5 forms a ternary complex containing both Keap1 and Nrf2, in which the dimeric Keap1 protein simultaneously binds both PGAM5 and Nrf2 through their conserved E(S/T)GE motifs. Knockdown of either Keap1 or PGAM5 activates Nrf2-dependent gene expression. We suggest that this ternary complex provides a molecular framework for understanding how nuclear anti-oxidant gene expression is regulated in response to changes in mitochondrial function(s).
Mesh Terms:
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Phosphoglycerate Mutase, Protein Isoforms, Protein Sorting Signals
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Nucleus, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Phosphoglycerate Mutase, Protein Isoforms, Protein Sorting Signals
Exp. Cell Res.
Date: May. 01, 2008
PubMed ID: 18387606
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