p21-activated Kinase 1 (Pak1)-dependent phosphorylation of Raf-1 regulates its mitochondrial localization, phosphorylation of BAD, and Bcl-2 association.
Raf-1 protects cells from apoptosis, independently of its signals to MEK and ERK, by translocating to the mitochondria where it binds Bcl-2 and displaces BAD. However, the answer to the question of how Raf-1 is normally lured to the mitochondria and becomes activated remains elusive. p21-activated protein kinases (Paks) are ... serine/threonine protein kinases that phosphorylate Raf-1 at Ser-338 and Ser-339. Here we elucidate the molecular mechanism through which Pak1 signals to BAD through a Raf-1-activated pathway. Upon phosphorylation by Pak1, Raf-1 translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates BAD at Ser-112. Moreover, the mitochondrial translocation of Raf-1 and the interaction between Raf-1 and Bcl-2 are regulated by Raf-1 phosphorylation at Ser-338/Ser-339. Notably, we show that formation of a Raf-1-Bcl-2 complex coincides with loss of an interaction between Bcl-2 and BAD. These signals are specific for Pak1, because Src-activated Raf-1 only stimulates the MAP kinase cascade. Thus, our data identify the molecular connections of a Pak1-Raf-1-BAD pathway that is involved in cell survival signaling.
Mesh Terms:
Animals, Apoptosis, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoprecipitation, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, NIH 3T3 Cells, Peptides, Phosphorylation, Plasmids, Protein Binding, Protein Transport, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf, Serine, Signal Transduction, Subcellular Fractions, Transfection, bcl-Associated Death Protein, p21-Activated Kinases
Animals, Apoptosis, Carrier Proteins, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunoprecipitation, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Mice, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, NIH 3T3 Cells, Peptides, Phosphorylation, Plasmids, Protein Binding, Protein Transport, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf, Serine, Signal Transduction, Subcellular Fractions, Transfection, bcl-Associated Death Protein, p21-Activated Kinases
J. Biol. Chem.
Date: Jul. 01, 2005
PubMed ID: 15849194
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