Structural basis for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by a potent therapeutic antibody.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. There are no approved vaccines or therapeutics for treating COVID-19. Here we report a humanized monoclonal antibody, H014, that efficiently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV pseudoviruses as well ...
as authentic SARS-CoV-2 at nanomolar concentrations by engaging the spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD). H014 administration reduced SARS-CoV-2 titers in infected lungs and prevented pulmonary pathology in a human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 mouse model. Cryo-electron microscopy characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S trimer in complex with the H014 Fab fragment unveiled a previously uncharacterized conformational epitope, which was only accessible when the RBD was in an open conformation. Biochemical, cellular, virological, and structural studies demonstrated that H014 prevents attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to its host cell receptors. Epitope analysis of available neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 uncovered broad cross-protective epitopes. Our results highlight a key role for antibody-based therapeutic interventions in the treatment of COVID-19.
Mesh Terms:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Chlorocebus aethiops, Coronavirus Infections, Epitope Mapping, Humans, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments, Lung, Mice, Pandemics, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Pneumonia, Viral, Protein Domains, Protein Multimerization, Receptors, Virus, SARS Virus, SARS-CoV-2, Vero Cells
Science
Date: Dec. 18, 2019
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