Phosphorylation and desensitization of human endothelin A and B receptors. Evidence for G protein-coupled receptor kinase specificity.
Although endothelin-1 can elicit prolonged physiologic responses, accumulating evidence suggests that rapid desensitization affects the primary G protein-coupled receptors mediating these responses, the endothelin A and B receptors (ETA-R and ETB-R). The mechanisms by which this desensitization proceeds remain obscure, however. Because some intracellular domain sequences of the ETA-R and ... ETB-R differ substantially, we tested the possibility that these receptor subtypes might be differentially regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). Homologous, or receptor-specific, desensitization occurred within 4 min both in the ETA-R-expressing A10 cells and in 293 cells transfected with either the human ETA-R or ETB-R. In 293 cells, this desensitization corresponded temporally with agonist-induced phosphorylation of each receptor, assessed by receptor immunoprecipitation from 32Pi-labeled cells. Agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation was not substantially affected by PKC inhibition but was reduced 40% (p << 0.03) by GRK inhibition, effected by a dominant negative GRK2 mutant. Inhibition of agonist-induced phosphorylation abrogated agonist-induced ETA-R desensitization. Overexpression of GRK2, -5, or -6 in 293 cells augmented agonist-induced ET-R phosphorylation approximately 2-fold (p << 0.02), but each kinase reduced receptor-promoted phosphoinositide hydrolysis differently. While GRK5 inhibited ET-R signaling by only approximately 25%, GRK2 inhibited ET-R signaling by 80% (p << 0.01). Congruent with its superior efficacy in suppressing ET-R signaling, GRK2, but not GRK5, co-immunoprecipitated with the ET-Rs in an agonist-dependent manner. We conclude that both the ETA-R and ETB-R can be regulated indistinguishably by GRK-initiated desensitization. We propose that because of its affinity for ET-Rs demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation, GRK2 is the most likely of the GRKs to initiate ET-R desensitization.
Mesh Terms:
Animals, Cattle, Cell Line, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Endothelin-1, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases, GTP-Binding Proteins, Humans, Models, Chemical, Molecular Weight, Phosphatidylinositols, Phosphorylation, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Rats, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptor, Endothelin A, Receptor, Endothelin B, Receptors, Endothelin, Substrate Specificity, beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
Animals, Cattle, Cell Line, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Endothelin-1, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases, GTP-Binding Proteins, Humans, Models, Chemical, Molecular Weight, Phosphatidylinositols, Phosphorylation, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Rats, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptor, Endothelin A, Receptor, Endothelin B, Receptors, Endothelin, Substrate Specificity, beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
J. Biol. Chem.
Date: Jul. 11, 1997
PubMed ID: 9211925
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