A Protein-Fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) is a protein-protein interaction assay in which a bait protein is expressed as fusion to one of the either N- or C- terminal peptide fragments of a reporter protein and prey protein is expressed as fusion to the complementary N- or C- terminal fragment of the same reporter protein. Interaction of bait and prey proteins bring together complementary fragments, which can then fold into an active reporter, e.g. the split-ubiquitin assay.

Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a less severe fitness defect than expected under a given condition. This term is reserved for high or low throughput studies with scores.

Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a less severe fitness defect than expected under a given condition. This term is reserved for high or low throughput studies with scores.

Bait protein expressed as a DNA binding domain (DBD) fusion and prey expressed as a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) fusion and interaction measured by reporter gene activation.