Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)

An interaction is detected between two proteins using chemically reactive or photo-activatable cross-linking reagents that covalently link amino acids in close proximity, followed by mass spectrometry analysis to identify the linked peptides (reviewed in PMID 37406423, 37104977). Experiments may be carried with live cells or cell lysates in which all proteins are expressed at endogenous levels (e.g. PMID 34349018, 35235311) or with recombinant proteins (e.g., PMID 28537071).

Publication

EndoMAP.v1 charts the structural landscape of human early endosome complexes.

Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Schmid EW, Miguel Whelan E, Jiang Y, Paulo JA, Walter JC, Harper JW

Early or sorting endosomes are dynamic organelles that play key roles in proteome control by triaging plasma membrane proteins for either recycling or degradation in the lysosome1,2. These events are coordinated by numerous transiently associated regulatory complexes and integral membrane components that contribute to organelle identity during endosome maturation3. Although a subset of the several hundred protein components and cargoes ... [more]

Nature May. 28, 2025; (); [Pubmed: 40437099]

Throughput

  • High Throughput

Additional Notes

  • High confidence protein interactions had an XlinkX score >40. Re-analysis performed with Scout used a 1% FDR cutoff on Residue Pair level.
  • XL-MS of two independent replicates cross-linked with DSSO in HEK293 cells.

Related interactions

InteractionExperimental Evidence CodeDatasetThroughputScoreCurated ByNotes
SAP18 ACIN1
Affinity Capture-MS
Affinity Capture-MS

An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner is identified by mass spectrometric methods.

High1BioGRID
3103784
SAP18 ACIN1
Affinity Capture-Western
Affinity Capture-Western

An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner identified by Western blot with a specific polyclonal antibody or second epitope tag. This category is also used if an interacting protein is visualized directly by dye stain or radioactivity. Note that this differs from any co-purification experiment involving affinity capture in that the co-purification experiment involves at least one extra purification step to get rid of potential contaminating proteins.

Low-BioGRID
-
SAP18 ACIN1
Affinity Capture-Western
Affinity Capture-Western

An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner identified by Western blot with a specific polyclonal antibody or second epitope tag. This category is also used if an interacting protein is visualized directly by dye stain or radioactivity. Note that this differs from any co-purification experiment involving affinity capture in that the co-purification experiment involves at least one extra purification step to get rid of potential contaminating proteins.

Low-BioGRID
669874
SAP18 ACIN1
Affinity Capture-Western
Affinity Capture-Western

An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner identified by Western blot with a specific polyclonal antibody or second epitope tag. This category is also used if an interacting protein is visualized directly by dye stain or radioactivity. Note that this differs from any co-purification experiment involving affinity capture in that the co-purification experiment involves at least one extra purification step to get rid of potential contaminating proteins.

Low-BioGRID
-
ACIN1 SAP18
Co-fractionation
Co-fractionation

Interaction inferred from the presence of two or more protein subunits in a partially purified protein preparation. If co-fractionation is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, then add them as a complex.

High0.92BioGRID
743899
SAP18 ACIN1
Co-fractionation
Co-fractionation

Interaction inferred from the presence of two or more protein subunits in a partially purified protein preparation. If co-fractionation is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, then add them as a complex.

High-BioGRID
3430064
SAP18 ACIN1
Co-fractionation
Co-fractionation

Interaction inferred from the presence of two or more protein subunits in a partially purified protein preparation. If co-fractionation is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, then add them as a complex.

Low-BioGRID
-
ACIN1 SAP18
Co-fractionation
Co-fractionation

Interaction inferred from the presence of two or more protein subunits in a partially purified protein preparation. If co-fractionation is demonstrated between 3 or more proteins, then add them as a complex.

High0.0919BioGRID
1271639
SAP18 ACIN1
Proximity Label-MS
Proximity Label-MS

An interaction is inferred when a bait-enzyme fusion protein selectively modifies a vicinal protein with a diffusible reactive product, followed by affinity capture of the modified protein and identification by mass spectrometric methods.

High-BioGRID
3755551
ACIN1 SAP18
Reconstituted Complex
Reconstituted Complex

An interaction is inferred between proteins in vitro. This can include proteins in recombinant form or proteins isolated directly from cells with recombinant or purified bait. For example, GST pull-down assays where a GST-tagged protein is first isolated and then used to fish interactors from cell lysates are considered reconstituted complexes (e.g. PUBMED: 14657240, Fig. 4A or PUBMED: 14761940, Fig. 5). This can also include gel-shifts, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. The bait-hit directionality may not be clear for 2 interacting proteins. In these cases the directionality is up to the discretion of the curator.

Low-BioGRID
669881
SAP18 ACIN1
Reconstituted Complex
Reconstituted Complex

An interaction is inferred between proteins in vitro. This can include proteins in recombinant form or proteins isolated directly from cells with recombinant or purified bait. For example, GST pull-down assays where a GST-tagged protein is first isolated and then used to fish interactors from cell lysates are considered reconstituted complexes (e.g. PUBMED: 14657240, Fig. 4A or PUBMED: 14761940, Fig. 5). This can also include gel-shifts, surface plasmon resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) experiments. The bait-hit directionality may not be clear for 2 interacting proteins. In these cases the directionality is up to the discretion of the curator.

Low-BioGRID
669883

Curated By

  • BioGRID