An interaction is inferred when a bait protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag and the associated interaction partner is identified by mass spectrometric methods.

An interaction is detected between two proteins using chemically reactive or photo-activatable cross-linking reagents that covalently link amino acids in close proximity, followed by mass spectrometry analysis to identify the linked peptides (reviewed in PMID 37406423, 37104977). Experiments may be carried with live cells or cell lysates in which all proteins are expressed at endogenous levels (e.g. PMID 34349018, 35235311) or with recombinant proteins (e.g., PMID 28537071).

Mutations/deletions in separate genes, each of which alone causes a minimal phenotype, but when combined in the same cell results in a more severe fitness defect or lethality under a given condition. This term is reserved for high or low throughput studies with scores.

Bait protein expressed as a DNA binding domain (DBD) fusion and prey expressed as a transcriptional activation domain (TAD) fusion and interaction measured by reporter gene activation.